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Here are *more* examples of how Monitors can fail. DNS is the service which "looks up" the domain names so when you type in "www.yahoo.com", your computer knows where to go.   ISP's are usually responsible for the DNS for thousands of domain names. Most monitors only verify that "DNS is working". However if one of the thousands of domain names gets misconfigured, which can easily happen, (even without any interaction by the ISP), the domain will "disappear from the Internet", and this will go un-noticed by the monitor. In other words, the monitor may fail to detect the "the domain's failed DNS", which may mean "a website or email for that domain will not work". When you dial up & connect to the Internet via a Modem, there is a service that "authorizes your username & password" and allows you to connect to the Internet. Most monitors usually do not even monitor this service, (called "RADIUS") because it is not a standard service. But for those that do verify it is working, again, that is not enough checking!   Unless each and every login/password combination is verified on a regular basis, some users may not be able to connect to the Internet, (due to mis-configured entries), and the monitor will not know. In other words, the monitor may fail to detect that "the customer's DIAL-UP service is not working". ISP Innovation's "Super" Monitors do things correctly!